Breviary LINK

In the Catholic Church, Pope Nicholas III approved a Franciscan breviary, for use in that religious order, and this was the first text that bore the title of breviary.[2] However, the "contents of the breviary, in their essential parts, are derived from the early ages of Christianity", consisting of psalms, Scripture lessons, writings of the Church Fathers, as well as hymns and prayers.[6]

breviary

The ancient breviary of the Bridgettines had been in use for more than 125 years before the Council of Trent and so was exempt from the Constitution of Pope Pius V which abolished the use of breviaries differing from that of Rome.[7]

In Lutheranism, the Diakonie Neuendettelsau religious institute uses a breviary unique to the order; For All the Saints: A Prayer Book for and by the Church, among many other breviaries such as The Daily Office: Matins and Vespers, Based on Traditional Liturgical Patterns, with Scripture Readings, Hymns, Canticles, Litanies, Collects, and the Psalter, Designed for Private Devotion or Group Worship, are popular in Lutheran usage as well.[5]

In Oriental Orthodox Christianity, the canonical hours of the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Indian Orthodox Church are contained within the Shehimo breviary;[9][10] the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria has the Agpeya breviary and the Armenian Apostolic Church has the Sharagnots or Zhamagirk (cf. Octoechos (liturgy)#Armenian Šaraknoc').[11] The Assyrian Church of the East has its own 7 canonical hours.

This word breviary (Latin Breviarium), signifies in its primary acceptation an abridgment, or a compendium. It is often employed in this sense by Christian authors, e.g. Breviarium fidei, Breviarium in psalmos, Breviarium canonum, Breviarium regularum. In liturgical language Breviary has a special meaning, indicating a book furnishing the regulations for the celebration of Mass or the canonical Office, and may be met with under the titles Breviarium Ecclesiastici Ordinis, or Breviarium Ecclesiæ Rominsæ (Romanæ). In the ninth century Alcuin uses the word to designate an office abridged or simplified for the use of the laity. Prudentius of Troyes, about the same period, composed a Breviarium Psalterii (v. inf. V. HISTORY). In an ancient inventory occurs Breviarium Antiphonarii, meaning "Extracts from the Antiphonary". In the "Vita Aldrici" occurs "sicut in plenariis et breviariis Ecclesiæ ejusdem continentur". Again, in the inventories in the catalogues, such notes as these may be met with: "Sunt et duo cursinarii et tres benedictionales Libri; ex his unus habet obsequium mortuorum et unus Breviarius", or, "Præter Breviarium quoddam quod usque ad festivitatem S. Joannis Baptistæ retinebunt", etc. Monte Cassino about A.D. 1100 obtained a book entitled "Incipit Breviarium sive Ordo Officiorum per totam anni decursionem".

Much remains to be discovered about the origins of the breviary. It is still not certain who commissioned the work, though it is known to have been procured for the cardinal by Antonio Siciliano, who acted as the Milanese ambassador to Flanders until ca. 1513/14. The authorship of the illumination is also still being investigated. Several different hands have been identified, and while the influence of earlier artists working in the Flemish courtly circle, such as Hugo van der Goes and Hans Memling, is evident, details of dress, iconography, and artistic style suggest that the breviary dates from the decades spanning the late fifteenth through the early sixteenth century. The quality of the work supports attribution to some of the finest Flemish miniaturists of the period, including Gerard Horenbout, Alexander and Simon Bening, and Gerard David.

According to the publishers, the project to reproduce this breviary took around ten years to complete, and entailed the creation of special equipment to photograph the manuscript as accurately as possible without compromising the condition of the fragile document. The accessibility of this facsimile will enable easier comparison of this key work of Flemish manuscript illumination with other stylistically related illuminated books, facilitating exploration of such issues as attribution and interrelationships among the arts of the period. Although in recent years online digital images of manuscripts have provided another means of close examination of unique items, a facsimile in the format of a printed book offers a more tactile experience, closer to the intention of the original, and may prove more permanent than a virtual copy.

Ms. breviary for Carthusian use; written and illuminated in Utrecht, the Netherlands, ca. 1440.Decoration: 1 frontispiece, 67 large miniatures, 40 small miniatures, 138 historiated initials.Artists: Masters of Otto van Moerdrecht, Masters of Zweder van Culemborg.Two leaves once belonging to this manuscript were sold at Sotheby's, Feb. 2, 1960, cat. nos. 246, 247; no. 246 purchased by Utrecht, University Library and now MS 12.C.17; no. 247 purchased through Quaritch and now at Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum, Ms 1-1960; a third leaf is in London, British Library, MS Add. 30,339, no. 3.

A liturgical book used for recitation of the Divine Office (Canonical Hours). It includes psalms, lessons, hymns, prayers, antiphons, and readings from patristic sources and other Christian writers. The breviary provides in a single volume all materials needed for recitation of the Canonical Hours. The first breviaries began to appear as early as the eleventh century. Portable breviaries were spread throughout Europe during the expansion of the Franciscan Order in the thirteenth century. Several breviaries have been compiled for use by religious communities, parishes, and individuals in the Episcopal Church. See Canonical Hours.

As we sat together in their community room recently, I took notes as I listened to their animated conversations. They said that the desire for an inclusive companion to the breviary was initiated when newer members of their Carmelite community asked to change the sexist language in the Office books they were using.

As they honored this request, they created small inserts with changes that eventually evolved into completely rewriting the People's Companion, careful not to suggest this was a substitute for the breviary. It was meant simply as a "companion" to whatever Office book was in use.

A full Latin & English edition of the Day Hours (Prime, Lauds, Terce, Sext, None, Vespers, and Compline) of the traditional Benedictine breviary for the entire liturgical year, reprinted by the monks of Farnborough.

A breviary is a religious text that could serve as a daily prayerbook, similar to a book of hours. The intended owner would use the manuscript daily and recite the prayers and psalms for that day. In addition to its religious function, the Armagnac Breviary is also filled with rich artistic details from illuminated initials to miniatures. Scholars have been able to differentiate at least four distinct artistic styles in this small tome, which allowed them to identify individual artists and connect the breviary to other illuminated manuscripts created around the same time.

A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise') is a liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church containing the public or canonical prayers, hymns, the Psalms, readings, and notations for everyday use, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons in the Divine Office (i.e., at the canonical hours or Liturgy of the Hours, the Christians' daily prayer). Below is a selection of illuminated Breviary pages from various unknown miniaturists working in and around Paris, Bruges and Gent in the middle of the 15th century.

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